(Download) "Urine Markers As Possible Tools for Prostate Cancer Screening: Review of Performance Characteristics and Practicality (Clinical Report)" by Clinical Chemistry ~ eBook PDF Kindle ePub Free
eBook details
- Title: Urine Markers As Possible Tools for Prostate Cancer Screening: Review of Performance Characteristics and Practicality (Clinical Report)
- Author : Clinical Chemistry
- Release Date : January 01, 2006
- Genre: Chemistry,Books,Science & Nature,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 724 KB
Description
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men globally, with an estimated prevalence of more than 2 million cases. In the year 2002, a total of 221 000 men died of prostate cancer worldwide (1). Prostate cancer develops more slowly than most other cancers, which favors the development of a successful screening program to reduce mortality and morbidity. The predominant current screening methods include serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) [1] measurements and digital rectal examination (DRE) with a subsequent transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate if either of these 2 methods shows a positive result. Because the performance of serum PSA is superior to that of DRE (2), testing for PSA has become widespread in an increasing number of countries. However, the usefulness of such testing has been the subject of ongoing controversy (3). In particular, a substantial proportion of men with prostate cancer have PSA values less than the commonly used cutpoint of 4 [micro]g/L (4), and many unnecessary biopsies are performed because of high PSA values (5). It thus is highly desirable to develop reliable, easily performed, and widely accepted screening tests with better performance characteristics. Noninvasive urine-based tests might be particularly interesting candidates for that purpose. The purpose of urine-based screening tests for prostate cancer is to find cancer cells from which markers can be extracted or to find released proteins or nucleic acids that are modified compared with the forms in healthy men. Three different groups of markers can thus be considered for the detection of prostate cancer: DNA-, RNA-, and protein-based markers. The main challenge is to find a marker that has good performance characteristics and at the same time allows easy urine collection and processing.
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